Kev khiav hauj lwm ua haujlwm (OS) yog pob software uas muaj peev xwm tswj hwm lub computer los ntawm kev siv graphical, nrog rau kev tswj thiab faib cov txheej txheem suav thiab khoom siv. Lub OS tso cai rau tus neeg siv pib thiab tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv thov kev pabcuam, tau txais thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv, hloov cov haujlwm ntawm lub khoos phis tawm thiab cov khoom siv txuas nrog rau nws.
Kev khiav hauj lwm rau cov khoos phis tawj ntiag tug yog: kev ua haujlwm ib leeg thiab ntau yam, ib leeg lossis ntau tus neeg siv, siv network thiab tsis txuas. Raws li hom interface, OSs tau muab faib ua cov lus txib thiab ntau qhov rai graphical interfaces.
Kev siv cov haujlwm ua haujlwm ib leeg los tsuas daws tau ib qho teeb meem ib zaug. Raws li txoj cai, cov kab ke no tsuas pub ib qho kev pab cuam los khiav hauv hom loj xwb. Kev ua haujlwm ntau hom kev ua haujlwm muaj peev xwm khiav ob peb qhov kev zov me nyuam tib lub sij hawm uas khiav hauv parallel.
Ib tus siv ib leeg siv hluav taws xob sib txawv ntawm cov neeg siv ntau hom los ntawm qhov muaj cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv txhais tau tias tsis muaj kev tso cai los ntawm lwm tus siv.
Lub sijhawm no, qhov tseeb ntawm OS interface yog lub graphical multi-window interface uas tso cai tswj los ntawm lub qhov rais, daim ntawv teev npe nco, ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam.
Lub sijhawm no, peb hom kev khiav haujlwm rau cov khoos phis tawj ntiag tug yog feem ntau nrov thiab nto moo: Microsoft Windows, Linux thiab Apple Mac Os X.
Microsoft Windows
Cov tsev neeg ntawm cov tswv ntawm Microsoft Windows operating systems yog siv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo li qub 90% ntawm cov koos pij tawj ntiag tug uas twb muaj lawm. Qhov OS no tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntawm graphical add-on rau MS-DOS, uas tau hu ua Windows. Txhua lub operating system ntawm tsev neeg no siv graphical interface los tswj cov txheej txheem thiab khoom siv computer.
Linux
Unix-zoo li cov operating system, uas ua raws li Linux kernel, yog thib ob rau Microsoft Windows ntawm kev muaj koob npe thiab kev siv ntau zaus. Txhua ntawm cov tshuab no nws muaj nws cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kev pabcuam uas tau hloov kho rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb, thiab tau faib dawb feem ntau tsis tau them nqi raws li cov khoom siv npaj tau npaj txhij.
Linux systems yog cov thawj coj kev lag luam hauv cov smartphones, netbooks, cov muaj zog tshaj lij, cov chaw xa khoom hauv Is Taws Nem, cov kab ke thiab cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv. Linux Qib thib peb hauv lub lag luam khoos phis hauv tsev. Ib qho piv txwv tseem ceeb ntawm Linux-raws li kev ua haujlwm rau ntau lub digital portable yog qhov nrov hauv OS. Cov lag luam tshaj plaws thiab nthuav dav Linux xa khoom yog Mint, Ubuntu thiab Fedora.
Xas Muas OS
Mac OS yog lwm qhov kev paub ntawm cov kab kev ua haujlwm zoo los ntawm Apple. Qhov system no tau teeb tsa ntawm tag nrho cov khoos phis tawj Macintosh tshiab. Raws li kev pom zoo ntawm Mac OS cov neeg siv, kev teeb tsa lub operating system no raug tso cai tsuas yog siv Apple computers. Muaj cov qauv ntawm cov system rau cov khoos phis tawj ntiag tug los ntawm lwm cov tuam ntxhab, tab sis qee qhov haujlwm tsis taus hauv lawv thiab muaj qhov haujlwm tsis ruaj khov.
Dua li ntawm cov tshuab uas paub zoo thiab nquag siv no, kuj tseem muaj cov naj npawb ntawm cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov tshuab siv.
