Cov nplaj teb txhais tau muaj 102 tus yuam sij teem rau hauv ib qho kev nruj me ntsis. Cov kab sab saum toj yog khoo los ntawm cov yuam sij ua haujlwm (F1-F12), nias uas yuav tsum tau ua kom lub kaw lus yuav tsum ua qee yam. Piv txwv li, thaum ua haujlwm nrog txhua daim ntawv thov, F1 tus yuam sij qhib cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj. Hauv qab no yog tus lej kab, thiab hauv qab no nws yog kab ntawv keyboard. Ntawm sab xis yog tus yawm sij tuav thiab tus naj npawb ncoo.
QWERTY
Thawj lub tshuab ntaus ntawv tau tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm 19th caug xyoo. Tus patent rau qhov muaj tswv yim yog los ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv Christopher Latham Scholes, uas nyob rau xyoo 1873 muag nws qhov kev tsim tawm mus rau E. Remington thiab Tub. Thaum pib, cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov yawm sij tau muab sau ua ntu zus thiab tuav ob kab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nquag siv cov tsiaj ntawv (piv txwv, p-r, n-o) tau nyob ntawm cov yawm sij uas nyob ib sab, uas ua rau lub clutch thiab tawg ntawm percussion mechanism.
Tom qab txheeb xyuas qhov xwm txheej, cov tuam ntxhab ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv tau hloov kho qhov txheej txheem kom cov tsiaj ntawv, kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntawv feem ntau pom ntawm Askiv, nyob ntawm sab nraud ntawm cov keyboard. Tus kws sau ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa tshiab yog tus tsim tawm ib nrab-kwv tij. Thiab tus thawj siv yog nws tus ntxhais. Qhov no yog li cas QWERTY keyboard layout tau tshwm sim (raws li thawj cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov kab sab saum toj ntawm sab laug rau sab xis).
Xyoo 1888, kev sib tw thawj zaug ntaus ntawv tau tuav. Cov kev sib tw tau koom nrog forensic stenographer Frank McGarrin thiab ib tug kws paub tseeb Louis Taub. Ntxiv mus, MacGarin ntaus ntawm lub tshuab ntaus ntawv nrog lub QWERTY keyboard, thiab Taub - ntawm kev hu xov tooj. Tom qab McGarin tau yeej, Remington cov khoom lag luam tau muaj kev xav ntau. Qhov kev teeb tsa tshiab tau pom tias yog qhov muaj kuab thiab tsis tseem ceeb.
Maj mam QWERTY tshem tawm txhua tus neeg sib tw los ntawm kev ua lag luam. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias cov kev xaiv yooj yim dua tom qab tau thov, cov neeg siv uas tau swm nrog cov qauv no tsis xav rov ua dua tshiab. nws yog tseem siv nyob rau niaj hnub no, tam sim no ntawm lub computer keyboard. Ntxiv mus, cov ntawv tshiab niaj hnub txawv ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa qub los ntawm tsuas yog plaub tus cim: cov yuam sij "X" thiab "C", "M" thiab "?", "R" thiab ".", "P" thiab "-" tau tau hloov pauv.
Yooj Yim Dvorak keyboard
Xyoo 1936, ib phau ntawv raug luam tawm los ntawm University of Washington tus xibfwb August August Dvorak. Hauv nws, tus kws sau ntawv tau muab cov ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm QWERTY thiab npaj ua tus qauv tshiab rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov keyboard. Ib qho ntawm Dvorak cov lus sib cav tseem ceeb yog qhov tseeb tias vim "tawg" ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv siv tas li, tus ntaus ntawv tuaj yeem khiav nws cov ntiv tes mus txog 20 mais ntawm keyboard thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Cov txheej txheem tshiab tau txo qhov kev ncua deb no mus rau 1 mais thiab, raws li cov xibfwb, nce kev ntaus ntawv ceev los ntawm 35%.
Lub ntsej muag ntawm Dvorak tso yog qhov kev tso kawm ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv uas siv rau hauv nruab nrab thiab sab saud ntawm cov keyboard. Thaum pib ua haujlwm, tus ntaus ntawv ntiv tes ntiv tes yog ntawm tus yawm sij ntawm txoj kab nruab nrab. Dvorak tso cov tsiaj ntawv nyob hauv qab sab laug, thiab cov neeg siv tsiaj ntawv ntau nyob hauv qab sab xis. Siv cov txheej txheem tshiab, cov kab nruab nrab hauv nruab nrab tuaj yeem sau txog 3000 ntawm cov lus Askiv uas ib txwm muaj. Qhov nruab nrab kab ntawm QWERTY keyboard tsuas yov txog 100 lo lus.
Txheej txheem Dvorak tau nco txog tsuas yog yim xyoo tom qab. Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, cov neeg ntaus ntawv tau raug pab tub rog sai sai. Xyoo 1944, 12 tus ntxhais tau raug xaiv uas yuav tsum txawj ua tus qauv tshiab thiab kawm ntaus ntawv ntawm kev kub ceev hauv 52 teev. Tus xibfwb tus kheej tau coj tawm cov kev kawm thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau dhau ntawm txhua qhov kev cia siab. Cov ntxhais ntaus 78% nrawm dua, thiab tus lej ntawm typos tau ntau dua ib nrab. Dvorak txawm sau ua ke cov npe ntawm qhov yuam kev feem ntau.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum rov tshawb xyuas dua, qhov ntsuas pom tau pom tias raug dag. Cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Carnegie Commission rau Txoj Kev Kawm (Kev Tshawb Fawb Pawg ntawm Carnegie) tau hais tias Dvorak cov txheej txheem tsis zoo dua QWERTY thiab tsis muaj ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev siv nyiaj them nqi se rau cov kev hloov pauv rau cov txheej txheem tshiab. Dua li ntawm qhov no, Dvorak muaj nws tus kheej pabcuam thiab ua raws.
PCD-Maltron keyboard
Qhov kev teeb tsa no tau npaj siab thaum xyoo 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Tus pojniam Askiv Lillian Malt tabtom thim rov qab ntaus ntawv kom ua haujlwm nrog lub koos pis tawj. Los ntawm kev saib xyuas tus nqi thiab tshuaj xyuas lawv cov kev txav mus los, Molt tuaj rau qhov xaus tias QWERTY txheej txheem yuav tsum tau hloov. Qhov siab tshaj yuav tsum nyob ntawm lub cim ntev thiab muaj qhov sib zog. Rau qhov no, kwv yees li kaum os cov yuam sij nquag tau tsiv mus.
Cov keyboard tau muab faib ua ob ntu - rau txhua tes sib cais. Qhov siab ntawm cov yuam sij sib txawv raws qhov ntev ntawm cov ntiv tes, thiab saum npoo tau concave yog li koj tsis tas mus txog rau cov yuam sij nyob deb. Lillian Malt tom qab ntawd tig mus rau engineer Stephen Hobday kev pab. Nrog nws pab, cov keyboard tau sib sau ua ke. Hmoov tsis zoo, tus kws sau ntawm lub tswv yim tsis tau tswj hwm los nrhiav cov tub ua lag luam rau kev tso tawm ntawm cov khoom. Cov keyboard tau muag ntawm lub hauv caug thiab tsis tau siv dav.
Colemak
Hauv xyoo 2006, Shai Coleman tau npaj siab rau Colemak keyboard layout. Qhov system no, lub npe ntawm uas los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ob lub npe lub npe Coleman + Dvorak, kuj tau nce ergonomics. Cov xwm txheej tau raug tsim los rau kev tshem tawm cov ntiv tes me thiab rau kev nquag siv tes. Tib lub sijhawm, kev npaj cov ntawv yog nyob ze rau QWERTY cov qauv ib txwm. Txhua cov keyboard commands thiab cov cim saud nyob hauv tib qho chaw. Kev teeb txheej ntawm tsuas yog 17 tus yuam sij tau hloov pauv, ua kom yooj yim rau rov qab ua dua.
QWERTY
Lub npe ntawm Lavxias keyboard txheej txheem kuj yog los ntawm thawj rau tus tsiaj ntawv ntawm kab saum toj kawg nkaus. Cov khoos phis tawj Soviet thiab cov keyboard tsim rau lawv sai sai tawm hauv khw. Thiab thaum thawj lub PC txawv teb chaws tshwm nyob xyoo 1980, sab hnub poob keyboard yuav tsum yog neeg Ruam. Tab sis txij li muaj ntau cov tsiaj ntawv hauv Lav Xias Lav Xias, tsis muaj chaw txaus rau txhua tus cim.
Yog li ntawd, cov cim sau ntawv hauv kab lus Lavxias, tshwj tsis yog lub sijhawm thiab sau ntawv, tau muab tso rau hauv cov xwm txheej loj ntawm kab digital. Txhawm rau ntaus lawv, koj yuav tsum nias tus sib txuas tseem ceeb, uas ua rau koj txoj haujlwm qeeb. Tus so ntawm kev npaj ntawm cov yuam sij ua raws li kev cai lij choj ntawm ergonomics. Cov tsiaj ntawv nquag siv nyob rau hauv qab ntiv tes ntiv tes, thiab cov ntawv uas tsis tshua tau nias hauv qab ntiv nplhaib thiab ntiv tes me.
